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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack is different, it will become a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that is as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with those options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the documents you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, a few goods save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to useful content get a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a file into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works since the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the merchandise accumulated here service AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it's all the proof you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.